Blockchain-Enabled Traceability Framework to Improve Transparency in Supply Chain Management

In this study, the author suggests a traceability framework built on blockchain to increase transparency, auditability, and trust in supply chains. The author follows a four-layer architecture—Data Ingestion, Blockchain Network, Smart Contract, and Application—that provides secure, verifiable sharing of information. With IBM Food Trust and Kaggle datasets on U.K. retail, and with scenario-driven simulations, the model showed improved results by 14-fold in time resolving disputes, 480-fold in recall efficiency, and 70% in consumer trust index relative to the traditional systems. Proactive risk detection was further allowed via anomaly detection techniques developed against smart contract logs, such as isolation forest and one-class support vector machine. Although the study still has limitations in the scope of the dataset and the cost of implementation, it does provide theoretical and practical knowledge on the ability of blockchain to develop resilient and transparent supply chains.