ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY CHALLENGES ON CONSTRUCTION SITES IN BIDA, NIGERIA

The construction industry plays a vital role in Nigeria’s infrastructure development, economic growth, and employment generation. However, it is also associated with significant occupational health and safety risks, exposing workers to accidents, injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. This study assessed health and safety challenges on construction sites in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. The study had four specific objectives: to identify the major health and safety challenges, examine the causes of poor safety practices, and assess the effects of poor safety management on workers and project performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and direct site observations. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed to contractors, builders, site engineers, quantity surveyors, artisans, labourers, and other construction workers in Bida, out of which 92 were returned and analysed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools, including frequency tables, percentages, and Mean Score Index (MSI). The findings revealed that inadequate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), poor supervision and training, unsafe scaffolding and ladders, unsafe electrical installations, and poor housekeeping practices were the major health and safety challenges on construction sites in Bida. The study further identified contractor negligence, weak safety culture, insufficient government monitoring and regulation, lack of safety policy implementation, and cost-cutting practices as key contributors to poor safety performance in the construction industry. The study also found that poor health and safety management has led to increased accidents, injuries, and fatalities, reduced productivity, project delays, and higher construction costs. The study concluded that health and safety management practices in the construction industry in Bida are inadequate and require urgent improvement. It therefore recommends stronger commitment from contractors, workers, and regulatory agencies toward safety management. Specific measures include adequate provision of PPE, regular safety training, employment of qualified safety personnel, and strict enforcement of safety regulations, improved site supervision, and adoption of modern safety technologies to enhance occupational health and safety performance on construction sites in Bida, Nigeria.