Arduino Based Single Axis Solar Tracker Featuring Motion Smoothing and Intelligent Night-Mode Reset

this paper describes the design, and fabrication of a low-cost single-axis solar tracker using an Arduino Uno, aimed at maximizing captured photovoltaic energy. The system employs two LDRs for differential sunlight sensing and a servo motor to adjust the solar panels for optimal sunlight exposure. It includes a motion-smoothing algorithm to reduce mechanical wear and an intelligent night mode reset. This reset function is crucial for the tracker's enhanced autonomous reliability, preventing nocturnal drift and ensuring the correct orientation at sunrise for all-day, unattended operation. Experimental validation shows a tracking inaccuracy below 3°, an $85 \text{ms} /{ }^{\circ}$ response rate, and a 15% reduction in standby power consumption compared to baseline models.