Application of Op-amp Fixators in Analog Circuits

Nullor elements have applications not only in analog behaviour modeling but also in analog circuit design and analysis. Fixator-norator pair, the emerging tool in analog design is a combination of a nullor and sources. A method for the realization of fixator-norator pair is discussed in this paper. Application of fixator-norator pair into a circuit makes it possible to perform the AC and DC designs in a linear like way. Fixator fixes a critical biasing spec at the design, whereas the pairing norator finds the value of power conducting components or DC sources that meets the design. A scaling amplifier design, an active load design and a CMOS differential amplifier design are provided as examples to demonstrate the procedure and the methodology. KeywordFixator-norator pair, Nullor, Op-amp, Analog circuits.