Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Citrus sinensis (orange peel) extract against bacteria associated with wound infections from patients attending Ahmad Yariman Bakura Specialist Hospital, Gusau

This study investigated the antibacterial activity and phytochemical profile of Citrus sinensis (orange) peel extracts against bacteria associated with wound infections from patients attending Ahmad Sani Yariman Bakura Specialist Hospital, Gusau. Phytochemical screening of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, and resins were absent in both extracts, while glycosides were uniquely present in the aqueous extract. The identification of the isolates was based on colonial morphology and standard biochemical tests. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest zones of inhibition of 23±00mm, and the aqueous extract also demonstrated activity with zones of 21±00 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic and aqueous extract exhibited the lowest zones of inhibition of 10±00 mm, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the ethanolic extract ranges from 12.5 to 25 mg/ml, the minimum bactericidal concentrations of 50 mg/ml. The aqueous extract demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration range from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml with a corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration of 100mg/ml across all isolates. The findings of this study demonstrated the antibacterial properties of Citrus sinensis peel extract, which is attributable to its diverse phytochemical composition, indicating its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing wound infections.