Analysis of the Use of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Data for Dynamic Electricity Tariff Schemes at PT PLN (Persero) UID Central Java and D.I. Yogyakarta

The modern electricity systems faces a significant challenge for utility companies in developing countries such as Indonesia, particularly in relation to increasing electricity consumption and load imbalance within the network. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), as part of the digital transformation and smart grid implementation, offers substantial opportunities for more efficient and real-time electricity consumption management. This study analyzes historical AMI load data, identifies customers’ daily consumption patterns, and simulates the application of dynamic electricity pricing schemes combining Time-of-Use (ToU) and Critical Peak Pricing (CPP). Additionally, a customer acceptance survey was conducted regarding the dynamic pricing scheme. The results indicate that AMI data can accurately identify customer load profiles, supporting decision-making in electricity tariff setting. The simulation of dynamic pricing implementation shows that the application of ToU/CPP tariffs scheme can encourage changes in consumer consumption behavior through load shifting schemes, which can reduce peak loads by shifting 20% of usage during peak and critical peak periods. Shifting for at least 20% load can reduce consumer’s monthly electricity bills by approximately 0.7% compared to flat-rate tariffs. For utilities, the implementation of dynamic pricing can potentially increase monthly revenue by up to 21%. Furthermore, the customer survey results indicate that electricity cost savings are the main factor influencing customer acceptance of the dynamic pricing scheme.