Analysis of Relationship Between Risk Factors and Degree of Nasal Pressure Injuries Consequences of CPAP Use in Neonatal Patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital

Background: Nasal pressure injuries (PI) are complications that result from the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), with an incidence rate ranging from 13.2% to 50%. Problems continue to be a serious concern in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Pressure injury is associated with a decrease in patient quality of life, high medical costs, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to identify specific risk factors and effective preventive strategies to protect patients using CPAP from the risk of this pressure injury. Methods: This is a retrospective study with an observational analytical design using secondary data from the medical records. Patients are consulted by the pediatric department to the plastic reconstructive and aesthetics surgery department, who experienced complications due to the use of CPAP in the NICU of Dr. Soetemo Hospital from the period January 2020 - January 2024. Results: The study included 15 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables analyzed included birth weight, gestational age, comorbidities, duration of CPAP use, use of padding, anatomical location of nasal pressure injury and laboratory parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), and serum albumin (Alb) levels. A significant relationship was found between the risk factors of duration of CPAP use and absence or inadequacy of padding use with the incidence of nasal pressure injuries. Conclusion: The use of padding and the prolonged duration of CPAP usage have significant impacts on the incidence of nasal pressure injury in neonatal patients.