A Systematic Literature Review of Resilience Approaches in Production Systems

The digitalization of industrial production systems through the Industry 4.0 paradigm has led to significant gains in efficiency and customization. However, it introduces new vulnerabilities, including heightened cybersecurity risks and increased dependence on network connectivity. Therefore, resilience emerges as a critical capability for maintaining operations and ensuring the recovery of production systems in the face of disruptions. This article presents a systematic literature review on resilience approaches in production systems, crucial for navigating the challenges of Industry 4.0. It adopts a three-perspective framework to analyze existing literature: resilience phases, resilience strategy decision space, and manufacturing system life cycle. The literature is classified into general frameworks, architectures, and methods, providing a structured overview of the field. The analysis reveals several key gaps, such as the need for practical implementation of resilience frameworks, the development of proactive strategies regarding the readiness phase, the exploration of underutilized areas in the resilience strategy decision space and the introduction of alternative resilience representations. The findings underscore the need to consider resilience, beyond a reaction to specific risks, as a broader capability to ensure the recovery of the production systems, and to open the path to new research directions.