A study of transgender: in the reflection of historical context and contemporary artistic expressions of Lahore, Pakistan

Historically, the transgender community in South Asia, known as Khwajasara, Hijra, and Khusra, held esteemed positions within Islamic dynasties and the Mughal Empire, serving in significant roles across various sectors, including religious sites. However, contemporary Pakistan presents a marked contrast, where this community experiences considerable discrimination and inadequate legal protections, underscoring the urgent need for societal reform and scholarly inquiry. This research contrasts the elevated status of transgender individuals in Mughal history, as illustrated in historical artworks, with their current marginalisation, offering a nuanced understanding of their evolving societal roles. This study sheds light on the impactful work of Lahore-based artist Ali Azmat and his students Samra Cheema and Quratulain Dar, whose artwork focuses on transgender themes. These artists addressed the challenges faced by transgender individuals, recognising their experiences and obstacles. Their art amplifies marginalised voices and sparks vital conversations within society. By analysing the symbolism in their creations, the research reveals how these artists express the complexities and struggles of transgender individuals, promoting a greater understanding and appreciation of diverse identities.