A Review of Agro Photovoltaic Systems Leveraging AI for Sustainable Food and Energy Production

Agro Photovoltaic (Agro PV) systems offer a transformative solution to the dual challenges of sustainable food and energy production by co-locating photovoltaic panels with crop cultivation. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into these systems enhances their efficiency through intelligent resource management, predictive analytics, and realtime control. This review synthesizes recent advancements in Agro Photovoltaics, focusing on AI-enabled monitoring, precision agriculture, and energy optimization. We will discuss key technological developments, agricultural benefits, and environmental impacts, and identify prevailing challenges and future research directions. The synergistic combination of AI and Agro PV not only supports multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals but also contributes to climate resilience and rural development. This paper provides a foundation for stakeholders to harness AI-driven Agro Photovoltaics for a sustainable future.