A Decentralized Certification System for Sustainable Farming Using Blockchain

Agriculture is one of the most vital sectors in the world, yet it continues to suffer from outdated and unreliable systems for managing land certifications. Farmers and government institutions still depend on fragmented, paper-based, or centralized databases that are difficult to maintain and verify. This often leads to administrative delays, inconsistent records, and in some cases, data manipulation or fraud. Therefore, essential processes such as subsidy distribution, land ownership verification, and sustainability reporting become slow, costly, and prone to errors. To address these challenges, this research proposes a blockchain-based certification system for land, combining secure data collection, automatic NFT-based certificate generation via smart contracts, and interactive map visualization. Experimental results demonstrate that the system produces accurate and trustworthy certificates reflecting actual agricultural practices. By leveraging blockchain technology, the solution enhances trust and transparency, promoting sustainable agriculture.