A comprehensive review of water quality control on lentic ecosystem through the water quality, IoT and aeration models

Eutrophication is the term used to describe the phenomenon in which a body of water becomes excessively loaded with nutrients, leading to a population of basic plant life. Excessive growth of algae and planktonic organism’s manifests as blooms on the water surface. Eutrophication gets worse in a lentic ecosystem when there is no outflow or water movement, resulting in the accumulation of pollutants on the surface. Water quality measurements, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), exhibit correlations with one another. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the water quality model, aeration system, and IoT technology. The water quality model enables the development of forecasts on future water quality. Therefore, effective water quality management can be strategized based on the specific attributes of the water. In addition, an aeration system is a technology used to improve water quality by enhancing oxygen levels and decreasing nutrient levels. Furthermore, it has been shown that real-time surveillance with IoT technology can enhance precision, effectiveness, and reduce time consumption. Therefore, it is important to priorities the implementation of water quality model, aeration, and IoT technology since they offer significant benefits in controlling water quality.