A Blockchain-based Framework for Land Registration Ensuring Transparency, Tamper-Proof Records

In recent decades, blockchain technology has turned into a disruptive innovation that can tackle the inefficiencies posed by long-standing record-keeping systems across industries. One of the highly impactful applications relates to land registration and property management, which have been traditionally prone to issues like fraud, tampering, bureaucratic delays, and lack of transparency. So much so that traditional land registries are mostly based on centralized databases with an additional layer of paper-based records, making them all too easy to manipulate or corrupt. This research proposes a blockchain-based land- registration framework to ensure transparency, security, and tamper-proof ownership records. The system contains modules for buyers, sellers, and government agencies while implementing hashing algorithms, consensus protocols, and smart contracts to automate transactions and preserve data integrity. By eradicating intermediaries, the framework reduces costs and delays and enhances trust among the stakeholders. Unlike traditional systems, every transaction on the blockchain cannot be altered or tampered with and leaves an auditable trail of all ownership history. This model also includes administrative oversight to validate and monitor compliance, allowing technical robustness and legal acceptance. Furthermore, the system depicts worldwide accessibility and interoperability for securing verification of property details across jurisdictions. The framework offers e-governance in a scalable, efficient, and citizen-friendly manner, addressing fraud and double-selling. Overall, the system demonstrates that blockchain can transform land registration into a secure, transparent, and efficient establishment for managing lands.