The synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, and carnosic acid combinations via redox-based inhibition of NF-κB signaling.

It is surmised that the anti-inflammatory action of the phytonutrient combinations used probably resides in their antioxidant properties, because they caused an immediate, efficient, and synergistic inhibition of LPS-induced internal superoxide production leading to a marked decrease in ERK and NF-κB activation.