The CEDE Model: A Learning-Sciences Based Approach for Critical and Transformative K–12 AI Education

As artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies shape the infrastructures of communication, creativity, work, and leisure, education systems face growing challenges with preparing novice learners for an AI-mediated world. This paper presents the CEDE model; a four-phase pedagogical approach for K–12 education grounded in cognitive, sociocultural, and critical learning theories. The model aims to guide the design of learning interventions that emphasize conceptual understanding, critical reflection, ethical sensitivity, and transformative data agency. The paper presents the model’s four-phase structure (contextualization and familiarization, exploration, design and inquiry, and ethical and societal reflection). It guides educators in designing AI education that is personally meaningful, inquiry-driven, and ethically grounded. The paper discusses how CEDE addresses key challenges of AI literacy, such as combating misconceptions, supporting conceptual change, situating learning in authentic contexts, and promoting critical engagement with AI. The paper invites researchers and educators to further develop the model to advance AI education that empowers learners to shape their AI-driven futures.