Research on the Application of Terahertz Communication Technology in 5G and Future Networks

Abstract: As the limitations of 5G in spectrum scarcity and massive data transmission capability become evident, the vision of 6G technology emerges, aiming for global coverage, abundant spectrum resources, ultra-high-speed data transmission, minimal latency, and high reliability. Terahertz (THz) communication technology, with its rich spectrum resources, is seen as a key to achieving 6G objectives. This paper explores the application and challenges of THz communication in 5G and future networks, analyzes its basic theory, key technologies, channel characteristics, and modeling, and discusses its prospects and challenges in 6G and beyond. The paper provides an overview of THz communication, including its position in the electromagnetic spectrum, bandwidth potential, and advantages of short wavelengths. It discusses THz-related technologies, particularly the roles of THz electronics, photonics, and plasmonics in device development, and their contributions to 6G advancements. Future research directions are outlined, including optimizing transmission windows, applying AI in wireless communication, and the potential of 6G as a new generation of intelligent digital infrastructure. While THz communication shows great potential in 6G networks, it faces technical and economic challenges. This paper provides a solid theoretical foundation for understanding THz technology, but future work requires deeper exploration in experimental validation, technical detail research, and cost-benefit analysis.