Medyada Yaşlı Temsillerinin 87 Yıllık Dönüşümü: Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Örneği 1930-2017

Turkiye’de son yuzyilda yasanan modernlesme, demografik yapi, ekonomik anlayistaki farklilasmalar ile gelen degisim, sosyal yasamin her alaninda etkisini gosterdigi gibi yas temelinde de gostermektedir. Bu degisim yaslilara yonelik alginin olumsuz yone evrilmesine yol acmistir. Yasanan toplumsal degisimlerin yansiticisi konumunda bulunan araclardan biri olan medya, yaslilara iliskin surec icerisinde farklilasan temsillerin de belirlenmesi acisindan onemli bir mecradir. Dolayisiyla, yayin hayatina devam eden yazili medyanin incelenmesi bu degismeyi anlamak acisindan faydali olacaktir. Bu calismada, Cumhuriyet Gazetesi’nin 1930-2017 yillari arasindaki sayilari incelenerek yaslilara iliskin temsillerin yillar icerisinde nasil farklilastigini gormek amaclanmistir. Bu calisma, dokuman analizi yontemine dayanmaktadir. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi’nin internet uzerinden arsivine girilerek 1930-2017 yillari arasinda “yasli” kelimesi aratilmistir. “Yasli” kelimesini iceren toplam 33.461 cumle incelenerek, cumle icerisinde yasli kelimesi ile dogrudan ilgili ve yasli kelimesini niteleyen kelimeler secilmistir. Elde edilen kelimeler “olumlu”, “olumsuz” ve “notr” seklinde siniflandirilmis ve uc kisiden uzman gorusu alinarak yeniden tasnif edilerek onar yillik periyotlara ayrilmis ve her on yil icin yuzdeler elde edilmistir. Arastirmanin sonuclarina gore, yaslilar icin uretilen olumsuz kategorisindeki kelime sayisi daha fazla bulunmustur. Ayrica yaslilara iliskin temsilin 1930 yilindan 2017 yilina dogru duzenli olarak olumsuza dogru degisim gosterdigi elde edilmistir. Bu sonuclar, medyanin toplumsal degisimi yansitan bir arac olmasindan dolayi, toplumsal yasamda yaslilara iliskin temsillerin yillar icerisinde olumludan olumsuza dogru degistigini gostermektedir. During the last century the change that comes with modernization, the alteration of demographic situation and economic structure in Turkey affects every aspects of social life as well the elderly area. This change has led to the negative evolution of perception towards the elderly. Media, which is one of the tools reflecting the social changes experienced, is an important medium to portray the change regarding elderly during the historical process. Therefore, it will be useful to examine this change through analysing the print media that. In this study, it was aimed to see how the representations of the elderly differed over the years by examining the issues of Cumhuriyet Newspaper between 1930-2017. This study is based on document analysis method. By entering the archive of Cumhuriyet Newspaper over the internet, the word “elderly” was searched between 1930-2017. A total of 33,461 sentences containing the word “elderly” were examined, and the words that were directly related to, and characterize the “elderly” were selected. The words were classified as “positive”, “negative” and “neutral”. According to the results of the study, the number of words in the negative category produced for the elderly was higher. In addition, it was found that the representation of the elderly changed regularly from 1930 to 2017. These results show that the representations of the elderly in social life have changed from positive to negative over the years since the media is a tool reflecting social change.