Jiashe’s Status in Patriarchal Clan System and His Subtle Relationship With Jiazheng in Hongloumeng

The new school about Hongloumeng holds the idea that the characters in the fiction are real historical figures, so they can find out some clues via the mutual supporting by the novel and history in some ways. In this view, they always draw fraudulent conclusions. They deliberately exaggerate the similarities and ignore the contradictions between the plots and real history. In order to solve some unavoidable problems and bolster their viewpoints, they always distort context. The readers push the novel to the back burner because they become historians automatically. They prefer exploring history rather than enjoying the plots. When historians regard the fiction as the Caos’ real words and deeds, they will cause a series of problems, even absurd conclusions. In fact, the fiction gives detailed explanation about Jiashe’ s status in patriarchal clan system and his subtle relationship with Jiazheng. 1.引言 《红楼梦》将贾赦、贾政两人的关系处理的十分微妙,但在新红学“曹贾互证”的解读方法 出现之前,很少有人对赦、政的关系有过疑惑,盖因作者批阅十载、增删五次,小说自是思维缜 密,故文本上下并不存在矛盾和难解之处。赦政关系的种种疑问是伴随着新红学的实证出现的。 新红学不自觉的把小说看成实录,用历史的逻辑去解读小说,历史与小说种种矛盾、不合之处就 用想象和假设来填补。以致破坏了小说自身的逻辑性,导致钻之愈深,矛盾愈多。换句话说,赦 政的疑问是在曹家与贾家、历史与文本的比附过程中产生的。这正是鲁迅所说的“盖叙述皆存本 真,闻见悉所亲历,正因写实,转成新鲜。而世人忽略此言,每欲别求深义,揣测之说,久而遂 多。”[1] 对于这些“难懂”之处,周汝昌先生作了总结:第一,他(贾赦)的住处不好懂;第二,贾 赦与贾母的关系不好懂;第三,人们嘴里的话不好懂[2]。当然最让人感到不解的还是贾赦、贾 政的住处,贾赦作为贾府的嫡长子袭承了荣府的爵位,理应是荣国府的主人,但问题是住在荣府 的偏偏却是贾政,贾赦只是居住在偏房里。 2.源于新红学“曹贾互证”的种种假设 新红学的开创者胡适坚持“自传说”,其在《红楼梦考证》中用曹家与贾家进行双向互证, 认为贾家就是曹家。“曹寅死后,曹颙袭织造之职。到康熙五十四年,曹颙或是死了,或是因事 撤换了,故次子曹頫接下去做......《氏族通谱》上只称曹寅为通政使,称曹頫为员外郎。但《红 楼梦》里的贾政,也是次子,也是先不袭爵,也是员外郎。这三层都与曹頫相合,故我们可以认 贾政即是曹頫:因此,贾宝玉即是曹雪芹,即是曹頫之子,这一层更容易明白了。”[3]其认为 贾政即曹頫,贾宝玉即曹雪芹。 98 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 17