Integrating BFV Homomorphic Encryption and BB84 QKD: A Simulation Study of Quantum-Resilient Encrypted Computation

In order to investigate quantum-resilient encrypted computation, we create and assess a prototype framework that combines a simulated BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with the Brakerski–Fan–Vercauteren (BFV) homomorphic encryption scheme. We benchmark encrypted polynomial evaluations under identical parameter settings using Qiskit-based BB84 simulation and Microsoft SEAL for BFV, contrasting a pure-BFV baseline with the integrated BFV+QKD workflow. The hybrid design achieves comparable end-to-end latency, stable ciphertext sizes, and correct decryption across all tested parameter sets in our experiments on a single commodity server, suggesting that it is possible to integrate QKD-derived session keys for evaluation-key protection in this setting without incurring prohibitive overhead. These findings are restricted to single-node experiments and idealized QKD simulation; they do not account for physical quantum channels, network latency, or large-scale multi-tenant deployments, which are left for future research. The evaluation is conducted under an honest-but-curious server model and an idealized BB84 simulation, and does not provide a composable security proof of the integrated QKD–HE workflow.