Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006.
Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006.
R. van Berkel,Tsuyoshi Fujita,Shizuka Hashimoto,Y. Geng
2009 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.010
Journal of Environmental Management · 334 Citations
TLDR
Japan's Eco-Town Program spearheaded in Japan the integration of Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Symbiosis, seeking to maximise the economic and environmental benefit from close geographic proximity of industrial and urban areas, through the use of previously discarded commercial, municipal and industrial waste materials in industrial applications.