How Large Language Model-Based Generative AI Supports EFL Students’ Writing—A Case Study of ChatGPT

This study aims to explore the application of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) based on large language models in enhancing the writing abilities of English as a foreign language (EFL) students. Currently, large language models (LLMs) have brought new possibilities to the field of language learning and education with their unprecedented language generation capabilities and immersive communication experiences. In this context, ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), as a typical representative of GAI, is widely discussed for its potential role in education and teaching. This research employs an empirical research approach and, through the design of interactive writing experiments, invites first-year English major students from a university in China to participate and engage with ChatGPT. By evaluating the quality of students’ writing compositions, this study investigates the impact of ChatGPT on the writing abilities of EFL students. The research results indicate that ChatGPT plays a positive role in helping students address writing challenges and providing linguistic enhancements. Through interactions with ChatGPT, students not only receive language support but also gain inspiration in their thinking, promoting greater independence and creativity in completing writing tasks.