Feasibility and Challenges of Utilizing the Terahertz Frequency Band for High-Capacity and Ultra-Fast Wireless Communications in 6G Networks

With the development of new applications in the 6G network era, the demand for high-capacity and ultra-fast wireless communications is consistently rising. Utilizing the Terahertz (THz) frequency band, which offers much larger bandwidth compared to traditional wireless frequency bands, is a promising approach. However, THz communication systems in 6G networks face numerous practical and technical hurdles despite their enormous promise. This article examines the feasibility and challenges of using the THz frequency spectrum for ultra-high-speed and high-capacity wireless communications in 6G. We discuss THz channel characteristics, air absorption, path loss, range limitations, modulation, antenna design, and signal processing approaches. Numerical and simulated results are presented to assess performance, along with key future directions.