Exploring the Negative Impact of Smartphone Usage on Students’ Digital Wellbeing: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

Abstract In the current digital era, smartphones have evolved beyond simple communication tools into essential multifunctional devices that particularly pervade the daily lives of young adults. This article systematically reviews the impact of smartphone usage on the digital wellbeing of university students. Through a structured review of empirical studies, we examine the relationship between smartphone use and various aspects of digital wellbeing, such as sleep deprivation, attention deficits, and social challenges. We discuss the methodologies employed in these studies, analyze the data collected, and summarize and categorize the findings within the current research. This comprehensive synthesis aims to inform scholars and policymakers of the impact of smartphone usage on digital wellbieng and suggests potential directions for future research into digital wellbeing.