Determinants Influencing India’s Agricultural Exports In The Post-Reform Era

The liberalization and structural reforms initiated in India during the early 1990s fundamentally transformed the country’s agricultural trade landscape. This study examines the key determinants influencing India’s agricultural exports in the post-reform era (1991 onwards), focusing on both macroeconomic and sector-specific factors. This study helps policymakers and farmers understand how to strengthen India’s position in global agricultural trade. The results indicate that higher domestic production, real exchange rate depreciation, and expanded trade agreements enhance export performance, while inadequate logistics, tariff volatility, and non-tariff barriers constrain growth. The analysis also reveals a structural shift toward high-value and processed commodities, reflecting diversification beyond traditional staples. These findings highlight the importance of stable policy frameworks, investment in agri-infrastructure, and product diversification to sustain India’s export competitiveness in a rapidly evolving global market.