ПРОСТОРОВА РЕФЛЕКСІЯ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПОТОКІВ

The article examines the aspects of spatial organization of economic development of international tourist flows, analyzes the current state of the world tourism market and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on it, tracks current global trends in demand for tourist products, also records the preferences of domestic tourists in war conditions and the response to their change by stakeholders in the implementation of tourist destination projects, identifies the factors of excessive tourism and tracks the mechanisms that prevent it. The dual role of information technologies (IT) is established, which, on the one hand, counteract excessive tourism, and on the other hand, facilitate tourists' access to destinations, which leads to an increase in their number. It is noted that excessive tourism can level the unique identity of a destination, turning it into an ordinary tourist center. Large corporate organizations that cater to mass tourism are crowding out traditional businesses and local artisans. The loss of local businesses and the homogenization of the local economy can lead to a loss of authenticity and charisma that originally attracted tourists. In addition, the charm and tranquility of a destination can be reduced when it becomes overcrowded with tourists, affecting the overall satisfaction of visitors. The paper concludes that the phenomenon of spatial polarization of tourism services in market countries is widespread and three of its components are identified, namely the increase in real estate prices and their rental costs, excessive noise (anthropogenic pressure), and the “capture” of temporary accommodation establishments by online travel agencies (OTAs). Addressing these problems includes measures such as the introduction of visitor limits, territorial diversification of tourism offerings, promotion of eco-friendly tourism practices, investment in sustainable infrastructure, involvement of local communities in decision-making processes, and raising awareness among tourists about the importance of eco-travel. By managing tourism flows and preserving the unique characteristics of a destination, the negative impacts of overtourism can be mitigated and a more sustainable and enjoyable travel experience can be provided for all participants in the tourism process.

Keywords: UN World Tourism Organization, stakeholders, tourism product, global tourism market, international tourism, overtourism, glamping, tourist destination, sustainable development.