Traditional Architecture and Urbanism of Veraguas, Panama, in a Globalized Reality

The Republic of Panama is home to a rich architectural heritage that has progressively developed throughout history, forging a unique identity in each region. This heritage had remained steadfast for more than 200 years, especially in rural areas, where vernacular architecture became a way of life and a means of coexistence for the small communities that inhabited these regions. However, in recent decades, the advancement of globalization has promoted the use of foreign materials and designs, threatening to dilute this cultural identity. The research focuses on analyzing this phenomenon in the rural areas of the province of Veraguas, where this native spirit is still preserved. It examines the history and the main architectural and urban typologies characteristic of the region, which flourished between 1860 and 1945, as well as their advantages, benefits, and adaptability to the present day. Through a housing inventory conducted in the province, three main typologies were identified: Quincha, Adobe Brick, and Caña Blanca or Vegetal Housing. Consequently, a set of regulations was proposed for social housing developments in rural areas, promoting the formalization of these constructions. Based on international guidelines, two mixed typologies were proposed, combining traditional methods with modern advancements to enhance the structural characteristics of traditional typologies. Finally, a comprehensive urban structure was designed, incorporating buildings of various types and uses as an example of the correct application of the strategies proposed in this research. In conclusion, this study revealed the urgent need to protect and revitalize traditional constructions in the rural areas of Panama, proposing solutions that integrate local building practices with new possibilities adapted to current conditions.