Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1β through HIF-1α

It is shown that inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1β but not tumour-necrosis factor-α in mouse macrophages, and succinate is identified as a metabolite in innate immune signalling, which enhances interleukoethic production during inflammation.