Pancreatic signals controlling food intake; insulin, glucagon and amylin

Hormones of the endocrine pancreas are collectively at the crossroads of many aspects of energy homeostasis, and glucagon and amylin act in the short term to reduce meal size, and insulin sensitizes the brain to short-term meal-generated satiety signals; and insulin and perhaps amyl in as well act over longer intervals to modulate the amount of fat maintained and defended by the brain.