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How gamification motivates: An experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction

Michael Sailer,J. Hense,S. Mayr,H. Mandl

2017 · DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033
Computers in Human Behavior · 引用数 1,518

TLDR

The results show that badges, leaderboards, and performance graphs positively affect competence need satisfaction, as well as perceived task meaningfulness, while avatars, meaningful stories, and teammates affect experiences of social relatedness.